In this section, you see the current status of implementation of the provisions of each block of the relevant Chapter of the Convention. They contain detailed information on the status of implementation of provisions in the legal framework and their implementation in practice. Positive and negative practices are singled out. You can also find the latest news on each topic.

The second chapter of the Convention deals with preventive measures to be developed and developed by States Parties to prevent any manifestation of corruption from the outset. The chapter covers various areas in which general requirements for the mechanisms to be created are provided. It is a guide for countries that are building and developing anti-corruption systems.

Public evaluation

State evaluation

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Each State Party shall implement effective anti-corruption policies that promote the participation of society. The State shall endeavor to establish and promote effective practices aimed at the prevention of corruption. The State shall endeavor to periodically evaluate relevant legal instruments and administrative measures to determine their adequacy to prevent and fight corruption.

Article 5

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Implementation in practice

Each State Party shall ensure the existence of a body or bodies, as appropriate, that prevent corruption. Each State Party shall grant the body or bodies the necessary independence to enable the body or bodies to carry out its or their functions effectively and free from any undue influence.

Article 6

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Article 6

Each State Party shall endeavor to adopt, maintain and strengthen systems for the recruitment, hiring, retention, promotion, and retirement of civil servants, that are based on principles of efficiency, transparency, and objective criteria such as merit, equity and aptitude.

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Each State Party shall also consider taking appropriate legislative and administrative measures to enhance transparency in the funding of candidatures for elected public office and, where applicable, the funding of political parties.

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Each State Party shall endeavour to adopt, maintain and strengthen systems that promote transparency and prevent conflicts of interest. In order to fight corruption, each State Party shall promote, inter alia, integrity, honesty and responsibility among its public officials. Each State Party shall endeavour to establish measures and systems requiring public officials to make declarations to appropriate authorities.

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Each State Party shall also consider establishing measures and systems to facilitate the reporting by public officials of acts of corruption to appropriate authorities, when such acts come to their notice in the performance of their functions.
Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to ensure that the relevant anti-corruption bodies are known to the public and shall provide access to such bodies for the reporting, including anonymously.

Articles 8.4 and 13.2

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Each State Party shall take the necessary steps to establish appropriate systems of procurement, based on transparency, competition and objective criteria in decision-making, that are effective, inter alia, in preventing corruption.

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to promote transparency and accountability in the management of public finances. Such measures shall encompass, inter alia, procedures for the adoption of the national budget, timely reporting on revenue and expenditure, others.
Each State Party shall take such civil and administrative measures as may be necessary to preserve the integrity of accounting books, records, financial statements or other documents related to public expenditure and revenue.

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Taking into account the need to combat corruption, each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to enhance transparency in its public administration, including with regard to its organization, functioning and decision-making processes.
Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to promote the active participation of individuals and groups outside the public sector, such as civil society, non-governmental organizations, and community-based organizations, in the prevention of and the fight against corruption.

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Implementation in practice

Bearing in mind the independence of the judiciary and its crucial role in combating corruption, each State Party shall, in accordance with the fundamental principles of its legal system and without prejudice to judicial independence, take measures to strengthen integrity and to prevent opportunities for corruption among members of the judiciary. Such measures may include rules with respect to the conduct of members of the judiciary

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Measures to strengthen integrity and to prevent opportunities for corruption may be introduced and applied within the prosecution service in those States Parties where it does not form part of the judiciary but enjoys independence similar to that of the judicial service.

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Each State Party shall take measures, in accordance with the fundamental principles of its domestic law, to prevent corruption involving the private sector, enhance accounting and auditing standards in the private sector and, where appropriate, provide effective, proportionate and dissuasive civil, administrative or criminal penalties for failure to comply with such measures.

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Implementation in practice

Each State Party shall:

a) institute a comprehensive domestic regulatory and supervisory regime for banks and non-bank financial institutions, including natural or legal persons that provide formal or informal services for the transmission of money or value and, where appropriate, other bodies particularly susceptible to money laundering;

b) ensure that administrative, regulatory, law enforcement and other authorities dedicated to combating money laundering have the ability to cooperate and exchange information at the national and international levels.

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

The relevant part of the Convention specifies how cooperation and assistance should be carried out, how the proceeds of corruption should be returned to the requesting State, and how the interests of other victims or legal owners should be taken into account.

Public evaluation

State evaluation

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

Anti-Money Laundering

Article 52 (part 1) requires financial institutions to verify clients, identify owners of large deposits and closely monitor accounts of politicians and their associates.

Article 58 obliges countries to cooperate in the fight against money laundering of corruption proceeds and to consider creating a financial intelligence unit to identify and seize them.)

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Implementation in practice

Measures for direct recovery of property and confiscation tools

Article 53 lets countries sue each other's courts to recover stolen assets or get compensation for corruption.

Article 54 helps countries seize assets linked to corruption offenses, even if the crime happened abroad.

Article 56 encourages sharing information about corruption proceeds to assist investigations and prosecutions.

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Implementation in practice

International cooperation for the purpose of confiscation

Article 51: Countries must help each other recover assets linked to corruption offenses, even if the crime happened abroad.
Article 54: When a country requests another country to seize stolen assets, the requested country should cooperate by either issuing its own confiscation order or enforcing the requesting country's order.
Article 55: Countries are encouraged to provide legal assistance to each other in corruption cases.
Article 56: Countries should share information about corruption proceeds without a formal request if they believe it can help investigations.
Article 59: Countries can create additional agreements to improve cooperation in recovering stolen assets.

Status of implementation

Implementation in practice

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